The Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purpose of Patent Procedure, signed on April 28, 1977, was amended on September 26, 1980. The Budapest Treaty eliminates the need to deposit microorganisms in each country where patent protection is sought. Under the treaty, the deposit of a microorganism with an…
View detailsMany products in the market are harmful for the health of consumers and there are many sellers and manufacturers of goods and services in the market who engage in unfair trade practises or corrupt and unethical business activities. These are some of the concerns that need to be addressed in order to protect consumers. Thus,…
View detailsIntroduction and Meaning When a mark’s owner obtains registration but never uses or uses it rarely, this is an example of “honest concurrent usage.” However, throughout the registration period, another individual or firm has used an identical mark in similar goods or products in an honest and concurrent manner. Because it is impossible to demonstrate…
View detailsIntroduction Indian Contract Act which came into force on 1872, frames and validates the contracts or agreements between different parties. Contract Act is one of the central laws which regulates all the business wherever there is a case of a deal or an agreement. This act mainly came into force, in order to prevent the…
View detailsFormer Judge of Supreme Court of India, Justice S. Ranganathan was born in 1927 and laid down his last breath on January 20, 2022 at Chennai. He was 94 years old. He studied at P.S. School and later at Presidency College and at Madras Law College. The illustrious career of Justice Ranganathan as Advocate of…
View detailsThe registration of designs in India is governed by the Designs Act, 2000, which was made effective from May 11, 2001, and the Design Rules, 2001. As per the Act, a design registration protects the features of shape, configuration, pattern, ornamentation or composition of lines or colors applied to articles. Since a design registration seeks…
View detailsIntroduction Immoveable property, as the term implies, is property that cannot be moved or is permanently affixed to the earth’s surface. We commonly refer to land or a real estate property when we talk about the earth’s surface. As a result, land and things permanently attached to the land are considered immovable property. Immovable property…
View detailsIntroduction The invention of internet came with both advantages and disadvantages with it. Instead of using internet for useful and meaningful sense people have started using it in a malicious way. Hackers are trying to commit crime in the cyberspace. Cyberspace can be defined as a virtual space where various people all over the world…
View detailsArticle 368 of the Indian constitution provides procedure to parliament to amend the Indian constitution. Indian constitution is largest, longest and quasi federal constitution. Our constitution is both rigid and flexible in nature which means if parliament thinks that any provision or part or article is outdated or violating human rights. In past there have…
View detailsIntroduction An agency through ratification (also known as an ex post facto agency) is formed when a person, the principal, authorizes or accepts the unlawful activities or conduct of another person, the agent, after it has already occurred. To put it another way, an agent acts on behalf of the principle without having explicit authorization…
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