An Introduction
Bail is a procedure by which the accused so arrested is given the relief to go to their residence on the promise that they’ll cooperate with the police in the investigation of the charges levied against them and shall be available to be called to the court if and when hearing of the case is scheduled.
The Criminal Code establishes the classification of offenses under multiple different criteria. The one we’ll focus on is (1) Bailable Offences and (2)Non- Bailable Offences.
1. Bailable Offence
The CrPC hereinafter mentions as the Code, classifies offenses as shown in Schedule 1[1] As billable and non-bailable. When it comes to bailable offences, A person so arrested under such charge has to be released upon a complaint so being filed in a Police station. The person so released is to write a statement guaranteeing to return totoice or appear in the court for the process of investigation and adjudication of justice. One such is the S. 304A of the IPC which talks about causing death by a rash or negligent act.
2. Non – Bailable Offences
The Code under S.2(a) defines Bailable offences and defines other offences so not defined as bailable to be non bailable. An offence that is so grave that it provokes the state to arrest the accused and detain such person till a time they can be presented in front of the appropriate judicial authority is a non-bailable offence. Offences that are marked as non-bailable under the Schedule1 of the code stipulates that a only judge f competent authority shall be allowed to make a judgement on continuing the detention of the accused.
The first hearing that a judge takes of a criminal case is that on the question of Bail. Under such Bail Hearings, the a Plea is maintained by the accused that they shall guarantee full cooperation with the police towards the investigation of the alleged offences. The accused also has to promise to present himself before the court on any future hearings of the said case.
One of the major defences that the accused take are that of being a reputable personality and having roots in the local society so as to prove themselves not being a flight risk. The general defence is to show familial ties of the accused and show them as dependent on the income of the person who’s detention might lead to future economic tragedy. Such a person is also rarely to evade the justice system.
Important Sections
A bailable Offence is defined as a means of an offense which is shown as bailable in the first schedule or the CrPC act, 1973 or any other law which stipulates an offense as bailable for the time being in a force.[2]
“Charge” includes any head of charge when the charge contains more heads than one.[3]
“Cognizable offence” means an offence for which, and “cognizable” case means a case in which, a police officer may, in accordance with the First Schedule or under any other law for the time being in force, arrest without warrant.[4]
“Complaint” means any allegations made orally or in writing to the magistrate, with a view to his taking action under this code, that some person,whether known or unknown, has committed an offence, but does not include a police report.[5]
Explanation – A report made by a police officer in a case which disclose, after investigation, the commission of non cognisable offence shall be deemed to be a complaint; and the police officer by whom such report is made shall be deemed to be complainant;
“non-cognizable offence” means an offence for which, and “non-cognizable case” means a case in which, a police officer has no authority to arrest without warrant;[6]
[1] Schedule 1 on CrPC at pg 167
[2] S.2 (a) of the CrPC act,1973 | Schedule 1 on CrPC at pg 167
Link to Act : THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, 1973
[3] S.2(b) see pg.21
[4] S.2(c)
[5] S.2(d)
[6] S.2(l) see pg 22
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