Introduction
India is among the world’s largest consumer markets and top global economy. The fact that India is a fast-paced developing economy makes it an attractive destination for corporates all around the globe to invest and have commercial ventures in India. Hence, we see a growing number of foreign corporates have their branch office registration in India. The purpose of opening such a branch is to expand their business interests in India.
The Reserve Bank of India is the approval authority for registration of branch office. The establishment of the branch office is regulated under Section 6(6) of the Foreign Exchange and Management Act 1999. In addition, the RBI master direction prescribes the rules regarding governance, competitive authorities, and reporting requirements.
The branch office registration gives a foreign company the right to operate as a legal business entity in India. The branch office can carry out similar business activities as conducted by the parent company in their homeland.
Though, when it comes to manufacturing activities, BO is restricted. For example, a branch office cannot conduct manufacturing activities directly though it can sub-contract these activities to an Indian manufacturer.
As per Section 2(9) & 2(14) in The Companies Act, 1956,As per companies act 1956 if below giving criteria matches then that office will held as a branch office.
(9) Any” branch office” in relation to a company means-
(a) any establishment described as a branch by the company; or
(b) any establishment carrying on either the same or substantially the same activity as that carried on by the head office of the company; or
(c) any establishment engaged in any production, processing or manufacture,
1. Subs. by Act 65 of 1960, s. 2, for” does not include a corporation sole”.
2. Ins. by Act 31 of 1965, s. 3 (w. e. f. 15- 10- 1965 ),
3. Subs. by Act 65 of 1960, s. 2, for cl. (9),
but does not include any establishment specified in any order made by the Central Government under section 8.
Section 228 in The Companies Act, 1956
As per section 228 in the companies act 1956.As per Audit of accounts of branch office of company.
(1) Where a company has a branch office, the accounts of that office shall, 4 be audited by the company’ s auditor appointed under section 224 or] by a person qualified for appointment as auditor of the company under section 226, or where the branch office is situate in a country outside India, either 5 by the company’ s auditor or a person qualified as aforesaid] or by an accountant duly qualified to act as an auditor of the accounts of the branch office in accordance with the laws of that country.
(2) Where the accounts of any branch office are 1 audited by a person other than the company’ s auditor] the company’ s auditor-
(a) shall be entitled to visit the branch office, if he deems it necessary to do so for the performance of his duties as auditor, and
(b) shall have a right of access at all times to the books and accounts and vouchers of the company maintained at the branch office: Provided that in the case of a banking company having a branch office outside India, it shall be sufficient if the auditor is allowed access to such copies of, and extracts from, the books and accounts of the branch as have been transmitted to the principal office of the company in India.
(3) 2 (a) Where a company in general meeting decides to have the accounts of a branch office audited otherwise than by the company’ s auditor, the company in that meeting shall for the audit of those accounts appoint a person qualified for appointment as auditor of the company under section 226, or where the branch office is situate in a country outside India, a person who is either qualified as aforesaid or an accountant duly qualified to act as an auditor, of the accounts of the branch office in accordance with the laws of that country, or authorise the Board of directors to appoint such a person in consultation with the company’ s auditor;
(b) the person so appointed (hereafter in this section referred to as the branch auditor) shall have the same powers and duties in respect of audit of the accounts of the branch office as the company’ s auditor has in respect of the same;
(c) the branch auditor shall prepare a report on the accounts of the branch office examined by him and forward the same to the company’ s auditor who shall in preparing the auditor’ s report, deal with the same in such manner as he considers necessary;
(d) the branch auditor shall receive such remuneration and shall hold his appointment subject to such terms and conditions as may be fixed either by the company in general meeting or by the Board of directors if so authorised by the company in general meeting.
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing pro- visions of this section, the Central Government 3 may make rules
providing for the exemption of any branch office from the provisions of this section to the extent specified in the rules and in making such rules the Central Government shall have regard to all or any of the following matters, namely:-
(a) the arrangement made by the company for the audit of accounts of the branch office by a person otherwise qualified for appointment as branch auditor even though such person may be an officer or employee of the company;
(b) the nature and quantum of activity carried on at the branch office during a period of three years immediately preceding the date on which the branch office is exempted from the provisions of this section;
(c) the availability at a reasonable cost of a branch auditor for the audit of accounts of the branch office;
(d) any other matter which in the opinion of the Central Government justifies the grant of exemption to the branch office from the provisions of this section.
Comparison between Branch office & Subsidiary company
Meaning of Branch Office: Branch office implies an establishment set up by parent company to perform the similar business operations at different locations. One of the common strategies of the Companies to expand their business at the national or international level, is to set up branches, at different places. Branches are a part of the parent organization, which are opened to perform the same business operations as performed by the parent company to increase their reach.
Meaning of Subsidiary Company: Subsidiary Company is understood as the company whose fully or partially controlling interest is held by another Company.
For Establishment of Branch office of foreign Company in India. We have to follow provisions of two Act: 1. RBI Act 2. Companies Act, 2013
As per RBI regulatory and companies ACT: If branch office is setup by a foreign company in India to carry out the BRANCH activity for its business. The foreign company can have any revenue from the Indian Branch office only from the activity allowed by the Reserve Bank of India; It has to meet all its expenses of Indian office through remittances from the Head office or through the revenue generated from the Indian operation permitted by the Reserve Bank of India. Foreign companies are allowed to set up a branch office in India. But unlike the case of setting up a company, a branch office requires an approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). Only upon getting the branch license from RBI, the foreign company is allowed to commence the operations. BRANCH office is suitable for a foreign company to test and understand the Indian market with a very strict control by the Reserve Bank of India, as it does allow the companies to do business but just to do the activity which are mentioned in the application of Branch office, Any additional activity to be carried by the Branch office shall be illegal. Branch office can carry additional business activities only with the prior approval from the Reserve Bank of India.
PERMITTED ACTIVITY OF BRANCH OFFICE IN INDIA: Companies incorporated outside India and engaged in manufacturing or trading activities are allowed to set up Branch Offices in India and undertake the following activities in India;
RBI Act of the Companies Act, 2013 1) As per RBI regulation ACT there are several BRANCH OFFICE: if any BRANCH office is setup by a foreign company in India to carry out the branch activity for its business. The foreign company can have any revenue from the Indian Branch office only from the activity allowed by the Reserve Bank of India; It has to meet all its expenses of Indian office through remittances from the Head office or through the revenue generated from the Indian operation permitted by the Reserve Bank of India. Foreign companies are allowed to set up a branch office in India. But unlike the case of setting up a company, a branch office requires an approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
Only upon getting the branch license from RBI, the foreign company is allowed to commence the operations. BRANCH office is suitable for a foreign company to test and understand the Indian market with a very strict control by the Reserve Bank of India, as it does allow the companies to do business but just to do the activity which are mentioned in the application of Branch office, Any additional activity to be carried by the Branch office shall be illegal. Branch office can carry additional business activities only with the prior approval from the Reserve Bank of India(Procedure given below). This article gives you an overview of setting up a branch office in India.
PERMITTED ACTIVITY OF BRANCH OFFICE IN INDIA: Companies incorporated outside India and engaged in manufacturing or trading activities are allowed to set up Branch Offices in India and undertake the following activities in India; Export/Import of goods Rendering professional or consultancy services. Carrying out research work, in which the parent company is engaged. Promoting technical or financial collaborations between Indian companies and parent or overseas group company. Representing the parent company in India and acting as buying/selling agent in India. Rendering services in Information Technology and development of software in India. Rendering technical support to the products supplied by parent/group companies.
Foreign Airline/shipping Company. Prohibited activities by the Branch – Companies incorporated outside India prohibited doing following activities through branch office in India. Retail trading activities of any nature is not allowed for a Branch Office in India A Branch Office is not allowed to carry out manufacturing or processing activities in India, directly or indirectly. Profits earned by the Branch Offices are freely remittable from India, subject topayment of applicable taxes. Procedure by which Branch Offices are permitted to remit profit outside India: Branch Offices are permitted to remit outside India profit of the branch net ofapplicable Indian taxes, on production of the following documents to the satisfaction of the Authorized Dealer through whom the remittance is affected: a. A Certified copy of the audited Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss account for the Relevant year; b. A Chartered Accountant’s certificate certifying – i. The manner of arriving at the remittable profit ii. That the entire remittable profit has been earned by undertaking the permitted activities iii. That the profit does not include any profit on revaluation of the assets of the branch.
GENERAL FEATURES OF BRANCH OFFICE The name of Indian bracnh office shall be same as parent company. The governing body for the branch office License is reserve bank of India. It is suitable for foreign companies, looking to setup a temporary office in India and not interested or not planning to have long term plans for the Indian operations. All the expenses of the BRANCH office are met by the head office, if it does not have the revenue from Indian operations. Spreading its business to diverse locations and thus increasing the customer base. Pre-requisites for a foreign company to have branch office in India – The following additional criteria are also considered by the Reserve Bank while sanctioning Branch Offices of foreign entities Profit making track record during the immediately preceding five financial years in the home country. Net Worth of not less than USD 100,000 or its equivalent [total of paid-up capital and free reserves, less intangible assets] as per the latest Audited Balance Sheet or Account Statement certified by a Certified Public Accountant or any Registered Accounts Practitioner by whatever name. Proprietary concerns set up abroad are not allowed to establish Branch Offices in India
PROCEDURES FOR SETTING UP A BRANCH OFFICE IN INDIA BY A FOREIGN COMPANY: Approval from RBI– Permission for setting up branch offices is granted by the Foreign Exchange Department, Reserve Bank of India, Central Office, Mumbai (note – Not by the RBI offices in respective state capitals) Track Record of the company -Reserve Bank of India considers the track record of the applicant company, the activity of the company proposing to set up office in India as well as the financial position of the company while scrutinizing the application.(note – for setting up a company, there is no criteria of checking the track record or financial position of the parent company) The applications from such entities in Form FNC (Annex-1) will be considered by Reserve Bank under two routes: The application in the prescribed form (Form FNC)should be submitted to the RBI through the Authorized Dealer bank. Reserve Bank Route— where principal business of the foreign entity falls under sectors where 100 per cent
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is permissible under the automatic route. Government Route— where principal business of the foreign entity falls under the sectors where 100 per cent FDI is not permissible under the automatic route. Applications from entities falling under this category and those from Non – Government Organizations / Non – Profit Organizations / Government Bodies / Departments are considered by the Reserve Bank in consultation with the Ministry of Finance, Government of India. Procedure for Approval from RBI,Currently as per the RBI Requirement the application for the branch office and BRANCH office is submitted through the Authorized dealer. The authorized dealer means the various institution having banking licenses. The application in the prescribed form (Form FNC) should be submitted to the
RBI. DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR BRANCH OFFICE SETUP: Form FNC – Three copies* Letter from the principal officer of the Parent company to RBI. * Letter of authority from the parent company in favor of Local Representative. Letter of authority/ Resolution from parent company for setting up BRANCH office in India. Comfort letter from the parent company intending to support the operation in India. Two copies of the English version of the Certificate of Incorporation, Memorandum & Articles of association (Charter Document) of the parent company duly attested by the Indian embassy or notary public in the country of registration.
Certification of Incorporation – Translated & Duly Notarized and Certified by Indian Consulate The Latest audited Balance sheet and annual accounts of parent company duly Translated notarized for past Three years. & Certified by Indian Consulate & Directors Name, Address, email ID and telephone number of the authorized person in Home Country. Details of Bankers of the Organization the Country of Origin along with the bank account number. Commitment from the Organization to the effect that it will be open to report / opinion sought from its banker by the Government of India / Reserve Bank of India Expected funding level for operations in India. Details Relating to address of the proposed local office, number of persons likely to be employed, number of Foreigners among such employees and address of the head of the Local office, if decided Details of Activity carried out in Home Country by the applicant organization in brief about the product and services of company in Brief.
Bankers Certificate Latest Proof of identity of all the Directors – Certified by Consulate and Banker in Home Country Latest Proof of address all of Directors – Certified by Consulate and Banker in Home Country Details of the Individuals / Company holding more 10% of Equity Structure of the Organization w.r.t Shareholding pattern Complete KYC of Shareholders holding more than 10% Equity in the Applicant Company, Resolution for Opening up Bank Account with the Banker Duly Signed Bank Account Opening Form for Indian Bank
♦ Acquiring property in India Branch Offices of a foreign entity are permitted to acquire property for their own use and to carry out permitted/incidental activities but not allowed to buy for the purpose of renting it out Entities from Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Iran, Bhutan or China are not allowed to acquire immovable property in India even for a Branch Office. These entities are allowed to lease such property for a period not exceeding five years
♦ Annual Reporting by Branch Office TO VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS: File an Annual Activity Certificate (AACs) with RBI from the Auditors, as at end of March 31, along with the audited Balance Sheet on or before September 30THof that year, stating that the Branch Office has undertaken only those activities permitted by Reserve Bank of India. (In case the annual accounts of the BO are finalized with reference to a date other than March 31, the AAC along with the audited Balance Sheet may be submitted within six months from the due date of the Balance Sheet.) Filling of accounts along with the list of all principal places of business in India established by foreign company- In form FC-3 File annual return with Registrar of Companies (ROC) – In form FC-4- Normal ROC Fees Rs. 6,000/- (Rupees Six Thousand) Getting Annual Accounts audited. Maintenance of Books of Account File return and pay applicable taxes along with AAC with Income Tax department.
♦ Repatriation of funds Profits earned by the Branch Offices are freely remittable from India, subject to payment of applicable taxes
♦ OTHER BUSINESS LICENSES APPLICABLE TO BRANCH OFFICE Permanent account number – pan number Tax deduction number – tan number Shop & establishment
Registration Service Tax Registration – if the Branch provides any services in India VAT & CST Registration – If the Branch carries out trading activities in India
COMPANIES ACT: PROCEDURE AFTER GETTING THE RBI APPROVAL: Every BRANCH office registered with RBI shall get itself registered with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs; it is a registration by the BRANCH office as an establishment of foreign company in India. On such registration a CIN i.e. Corporate Identity Number is allotted by the Registrar of Companies. The following documents shall be filled with the Registrar of Companies:-
Form FC-1 Charter, statutes or memorandum and articles of association or other Instrument constituting or defining the constitution of the company If the above documents are not in English then the translated version of the documents. Director(s) details – individuals Director(s) details – bodies corporate Reserve bank of India approval letter Secretary(s) details Power of attorney or board resolution in favor of the authorized representative(s). Companies have to file annually and periodically documents as mention above.
CLOSURE OF BRANCH OFFICE Generally the BRANCH office licenses is given for three years, if at any time the Company plans to close the BRANCH office setup in India it shall file the necessary documents with the Authorized Dealer, and the application for the closure shall be forwarded by the Authorized Dealer.
Copy of the Reserve Bank’s permission/ approval from the sectoral regulator(s) for establishing the BO / LO. Auditor’s certificate- I) indicating the manner in which the remittable amount has been arrived at and supported by a statement of assets and liabilities of the applicant, and indicating the manner of disposal of assets; ii) confirming that all liabilities in India including arrears of gratuity and other benefits to employees, etc., of the Office have been either fully met or adequately provided for; and iii) confirming that no income accruing from sources outside India (including proceeds of exports) has remained un- repatriated to India. No-objection / Tax Clearance Certificate from Income-Tax authority for the remittance/s. Confirmation from the applicant/parent company that no legal proceedings in any Court in India are pending and there is no legal impediment to the remittance. A report from the Registrar of Companies regarding compliance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, in case of winding up of the Office in India. Any other document/s, specified by the Reserve Bank while granting approval.
References:
https://taxguru.in/company-law/branch-office-foreign-company-compliance-companies-act-rbi-approval.html
Companies ACT
https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1307451/
https://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/pdf/CompaniesAct2013.pdf
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