After independence India has faced a lot of problems to be where it is today, whether it is financially or development wise. We have achieved a lot today as a third world country, whether it is medicine or astronomy or resources, education, financially. But with the race with first and second world countries we forgot about the most important part and started abusing it with others and that being environment, natural resources. With all the pollution one is facing today whether being air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution or noise pollution. All of this is decreasing the lifeline of earth at much faster rate. World following the path of technology and development forgot about the actual earth and started exploiting the mother nature. Soon something had to be done for the same as if something wouldn’t be done it would be the last few decades the earth would live.
The roots of the enactment of the EPA lies in the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at Stockholm in June, 1972 (Stockholm Conference), in which India participated, to take appropriate steps for the improvement of the human environment. The Act implements the decisions made at the Stockholm Conference.[1] This was due to Bhopal Gas Tragedy which was considered as the worst industrial tragedy in India.
The framework of the Environmental Protection Act, 1986, that consolidated the provisions of the Water Act of 1974 and the Air Act of 1981, India established pollution control boards to prevent, control and abate environmental pollution.[2]
With the rapid increase in industrialization and human needs, environment has been badly suffered. thankfully, the importance of protection as well as conservation of environment along with sustainable use of natural resources is reflected well in the constitutional framework of India. the environmental laws in India give huge importance to maintain an ecological balance of environment by safeguarding the forests and wildlife of the country.[3]
The constitution of India is not an inert but a living document which evolves and grows with time. The specific provisions on environment protection in the constitution are also result of this evolving nature and growth potential of the fundamental law of the land. The preamble to our constitution ensures socialist pattern of the society and dignity of the individual. Decent standard of living and pollution free environment is inherent in this. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 defines environment as “environment includes water, air and land and the interrelationship which exists among and between air, water and land and human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organism and property”.[4]
Environment is the most important thing. Even article 21 would be in vain, if there is no environment. No one can imagine their life without the Earth. Already we humans are ruined enough. And more of negligence could cost us our lives sooner rather than later. We are nothing without our home, the Earth. And Earth is nothing without its nature. Effects of global warming are already seen whether it is unusual rains or hotness in winter. Glaciers in south pole and north pole are already melting. Environment is already at verge even after Stockholm conference which took place in 1972, it’s been almost 50 years, but we are exploiting the environment as same rate rather faster. No laws can change the environment unless we want to do it. We must consciously track our moments to save the planet. There are laws already in place, but we must follow them well.
World understood the need of Environmental laws earlier and now we as people need to keep them in mind and save our planet and home. A home not just to us but to many.
[1] https://www.drishtiias.com/to-the-points/paper3/environment-protection-act-1986
[2] https://www.jstor.org/stable/4418031
[3] https://www.legitquest.com/legal-guide/environment-laws-in-india
[4] Pooja P. Vardhan 04-June-2014, https://pib.gov.in/newsite/printrelease.aspx?relid=105411
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