Introduction to ADR :-
The process by which disputes between the parties are settled or brought to an amicable result without the intervention of Judicial Institution and without any trail is known as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR.
ADR offers to resolve all type of matters including civil, commercial, industrial and family etc., where people are not being able to start any type of negotiation and reach the settlement.
Generally, ADR uses neutral third party who helps the parties to communicate, discuss the differences and resolve the dispute.
It is a method which enables individuals and group to maintain co-operation, social order and provides opportunity to reduce hostility.
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
Mechanisms
ADR is a mechanism of dispute resolution that is non adversarial, i.e. working together co-operatively to reach the best resolution for everyone.
ADR can be instrumental in reducing the burden of litigation on courts, while delivering a well-rounded and satisfying experience for the parties involved.
It provides the opportunity to “expand the pie” through creative, collaborative bargaining, and fulfill the interests driving their demands.
Importance of ADR in India:-
To deal with the situation of pendency of cases in courts of India, ADR plays a significant role in India by its diverse techniques. Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanism provides scientifically developed techniques to Indian judiciary which helps in reducing the burden on the courts. ADR provides various modes of settlement including, arbitration, conciliation, mediation, negotiation and lok Adalat. Here, negotiation means self-counseling between the parties to resolve their dispute but it doesn’t have any statutory recognition in India.
ADR is also founded on such fundamental rights, article 14 and 21 which deals with equality before law and right to life and personal liberty respectively. ADR’s motive is to provide social-economic and political justice and maintain integrity in the society enshrined in the preamble. ADR also strive to achieve equal justice and free legal aid provided under article 39-A relating to Directive Principle of State Policy(DPSP).
Few important provisions related to ADR:-
Section 89 of the Civil Procedure Code, 1908 provides that opportunity to the people, if it appears to court there exist elements of settlement outside the court then court formulate the terms of the possible settlement and refer the same for: Arbitration, Conciliation, Mediation or Lok Adalat.
The Acts which deals with Alternative Dispute Resolution are Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 and,
The Legal Services Authority Act, 1987
Advantages of Alternative Dispute Resolution
Less time consuming: people resolve their dispute in short period as compared to courts
Cost effective method: it saves lot of money if one undergoes in litigation process.
It is free from technicalities of courts, here informal ways are applied in resolving dispute.
People are free to express themselves without any fear of court of law. They can reveal the true facts without disclosing it to any court.
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