India follows a parliamentary form of government, which is based on the British model. It is characterized by the following features:  

• Executive- Legislature Relationship: The executive (Council of Ministers) is responsible to the legislature (Parliament). The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers are part of the Parliament and must maintain its confidence to remain in office.
•   Bicameral Legislature: The Parliament of India is a bicameral legislature, consisting of two houses:

– Lok Sabha (House of the People): The lower house, directly elected by the people. – Rajya Sabha (Council of States): The upper house, representing the states and Union Territories.

• Federal Structure: India has a federal system with a strong centralizing tendency, meaning that while states have their own governments, the Union government holds significant power.
• Independent Judiciary: The judiciary is independent of the executive and legislature. The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial body, which can review laws and executive actions to ensure they conform to the Constitution.
• Separation of Powers: The Constitution provides for the separation of powers between the three branches of government—executive, legislature, and judiciary—ensuring checks and balances.

Conclusion The Indian Constitution has laid down a comprehensive system of governance that includes local self-government bodies (Panchayats and Municipalities), provisions for the protection of tribal rights, and special provisions for certain states to preserve their unique cultural and historical identities. The decentralization of powers through Panchayats and Municipalities ensures that governance remains participatory and responsive at the grassroots level. At the same time, the special provisions for tribal areas and the special status of certain states underscore the Indian system’s flexibility and sensitivity to diversity within the nation. Together, these provisions ensure inclusive governance, promote regional autonomy, and safeguard the rights of communities in India’s vast and diverse landscape.