Population of India is likely to reach the one billion mark before the turn of the century. So far India’s population has grown because of a rapid fall in the death rate. In future it will depend more on the fall in the birth rate.
It is not easy to comprehend all the social, economic and political problems which India will have to face when it is required to feed, clothes, educate and find employment for a population twice its present size. The success of the family planning programme, therefore, is of critical importance.
Parents of children of the economically weaker sections, studying in elementary schools are still in the reproductive age groups and they do not have the realisation of the importance and advantages of the small family. It is the duty of the Government and policy makers to concentrate on these parents and motivate them to adopt small family norms for the successful implementation of Family Welfare Programmes.
The following are the objectives of population education.
1. To provide knowledge and understanding of the prevailing situation.
2. Create awareness among the students about population matters.
3. Provide necessary skill to evaluate the impact and consequence of population growth on society.
4. To give the knowledge of population policy and population measures.
5. To provide the knowledge of causes of population growth and government’s efforts to check it.
6. To develop awareness on the population dynamics.
7. To provide the knowledge of manpower management and resource development.
8. To enable students to know the merit of small family.
9. To known the causes of urbanization and its related problems.
India is the second most populated country in the world with nearly a fifth of the world’s population. According to the 2017 revision of the World Population Prospects, the population stood at 1,324,171,354.
During 1975–2019 the population doubled to 1.2 billion. The Indian population reached the billion mark in 1998. India is projected to be the world’s most populous country by 2022, surpassing the population of China. It is expected to become the first political entity in history to be home to more than 1.5 billion people by 2030, and its population is set to reach 1.7 billion by 2050. Its population growth rate is 1.2%, ranking 94th in the world in 2013.
India has more than 50% of its population below the age of 25 and more than 65% below the age of 35. It is expected that, in 2020, the average age of an Indian will be 29 years, compared to 37 for China and 48 for Japan; and, by 2030, India’s dependency ratio should be just over 0.4.
India has more than two thousand ethnic groups, and every major religion is represented, as are four major families of languages (Indo-European, Dravidian, Austroasiatic and Sino-Tibetan languages) as well as two language isolates (the Nihali language spoken in parts of Maharashtra and the Burushaski language spoken in parts of Jammu and Kashmir (Kashmir).
Further complexity is lent by the great variation that occurs across this population on social parameters such as income and education. Only the continent of Africa exceeds the linguistic, genetic and cultural diversity of the nation of India.
The sex ratio is 944 females for 1000 males.
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