The purna swaraj declaration or declaration of the independence of India was propagated by the Indian National Congress on 26th January 1930, settling the congress and Indian nationalists to protest for complete independence or self-rule from the British rule. Honorable pandit Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted the Indian national flag on 31st December 1929 on the embankment of river Ravi in Lahore.
Dadabhai Naoroji, Sri Aurobindo and Bal Gangadhar Tilak unitedly through their work popularized the idea of swaraj as a core part of the nationalist movement. Dadabhai Naoroji at the 1886 national congress conference at Calcutta recommended the idea of swaraj as the main aim of the nationalist discourse. Sri Aurobindo being the then editor of “Bande Mataram” in 1907 wrote articles saying that new generation demands for full independence. Later, Bal Gangadhar Tilak also popularized this idea through his speeches and writings. The first activist to demand purna swaraj was Hasrat Mohani a congress leader and a famous poet. He demanded full independence from the British empire in 1921 through an All-India Congress forum. Although India gained political independence before 1930 but it was still under the home rule of the British empire.
The Amritsar massacre in 1919 resulted in complete public outrage against the British rule and in 1920, Mahatma Gandhi committed to swaraj and between 1920 and 1922 he led the non-cooperation movement, civil disobedience to oppose Rowlett’s Act and the denial of the political and civil freedom. In 1927, Simon Commission was initiated but this was highly opposed by the public. Motilal Nehru, the then Congress president proposed the making of the constitutional reforms for India. He demanded self-government under the British dominion status which was denied by the British government.
In December 1928, Gandhi proposed a resolution demanding dominion status to India within two years which was later reduced to one year and this resolution was wholly adopted. On 31st October 1929, Lord Irwin, the then Viceroy of India invited Mahatma Gandhi, Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Motilal Nehru to London for a Round Table Conference.
Thus, on 26th January 1930, India gained independence and Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted the tri-color flag on the banks of river Ravi in Lahore which is now a part of Pakistan. On 12th March 1930, Gandhi initiated salt satyagraha followed by the independence movement and non-cooperation movement. The resolution was a 750-word document which was more like a manifesto clearly claiming purna swaraj and intentions of initiating civil-disobedience movement.
Thus, India gained purna swaraj after a long struggle and blood shed of a lot of innocent and martyrs. We all should respect and honor that struggle and work towards the development of India and should not let their pain and struggle go in vain. After long two hundred years of captivity India gained its identity and power unanimously and this shows that India being a diverse country when united can fight against everything. There is Unity in Diversity. India and its citizens have proved this along ago.
Aishwarya Says:
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