State actors refer to those entities which have formal backing of a sovereign state for carrying out any intended action. Non-state actors on the other hand, have a considerable power of influencing international events but they do not have formal state backing. Examples of state actors are the governments or their agencies of foreign countries like army, bureaucracy, intelligence agencies etc. Whereas non-state actors would be corporations, media organizations, business magnates, people’s liberation movements, lobby groups, religious groups, aid agencies, and violent non-state actors such as paramilitary forces.
Non-state actors can aid in opinion building in international affairs, such as the Human Rights Council. Formal international organizations may also rely on non-state actors, particularly NGOs in the form of implementing partners in the national context.
The importance of non-state actors in peace-building is the contribution of ICBL (International Campaign to Ban Landmines) to the international prohibition on the use of landmines. Non-state actors also have a role in governance. While they are incredibly useful in advancing international peace, monitoring human rights violations, and lobbying for socio-political issues like climate change, they also play a role in non-traditional governance. Many fragile states rely on non-state actors for protection and administration.
The importance of this is that in the last 20 years non-state actors have acquired legal recognition due to their heavy involvement in the international order. Their growing presence as an alternative governmental presence also holds them accountable to international law. On the other hand, State actors are far more powerful.
They are sovereign countries formed under national consciousness, which then called as Nation State. In a nutshell “state actors” represent official government policy of a nation-state. They have far larger resource pools from which to draw in terms of both money, people, and connections. Then there’s the alliances that diplomacy allows. There’s so many ways for states to mingle with other states.
Both state and non-state factors from outside have created problems in our internal security framework. Hence while it is imperative to guard our borders and strengthen our diplomacy, on the other hand, we need to check the various non-state actors who come in hidden forms.
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-state_actor
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