The constitution provides a legislature for every state in the Union. The legislature of every state consists of the governor and House or Houses. The legislature in the state are either bicameral (consisting of two houses) or unicameral ( consisting of one house) .
Ex. The legislatures in A.P, Telangana, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka and U.P are bicameral. In the remaining states the legislatures are unicameral consisting of only one house. [ Art. 168]
Composition of Houses :
1) Legislative Assembly ( Vidhan Sabha) –
The legislative Assembly in a state is popular House. The minimum seats is fixed at 60 and maximum is 500.
The members are chosen directly by the people on the basis of adult franchise from territorial constituencies in the state [ Art. 170(1)].
The representation in the House is on basis of population in each territorial constituency in state. The population is to be ascertained at the last preceding census. Upon the completion of each census, the total number of seats in the Legislative Assembly of each State and the division of each State into territorial constituencies shall be readjusted by such authority and in such manner as Parliament may by law determine. [ Art. 170(3)]
In the Legislative Assembly of every State, seats will be reserved for the scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes on the basis of population. [ Art. 332] and if the Governor of a state is of opinion that the Anglo-Indian Community is not adequately represented in the Legislative Assembly he may nominate such member of the community to the Assembly as he considers appropriate [ Art.333]
Tenure – The normal tenure of Legislative Assembly of every state is of five years but it may be dissolved earlier by the Governor [ Art. 172] . During the proclamation of emergency the life of the assembly may be extended by an Act of Parliament for a period of one year at a time but in no case beyond a period of six months after the proclamation has ceased to operate [ Art. 172].
2) Legislative Council ( Vidhan Parishad ) –
The total number of members in the Legislative Council shall not exceed 1/3rd of the total number of members in Legislative Assembly of that state. But the total number of members in the Legislative Council of a state shall not be less than 40.
Parliament may by law provide for the composition of the Legislative Council. Until then, the composition of shall be as follows :
Of the total number of members in the Legislative Council of a state –
(a) 1/3rd are to be elected by electorates consisting of members of Municipalities, District Boards and other local authorities in the State as Parliament by law specify
(b) ½ are to be elected by electorates consisting of graduates of three years standing residing in the state,
(c) 1/12 are to be elected by electorates consisting of persons who have been teaching for atleast three years in educational institution not lower in standard than secondary school
(d) 1/3 are to be elected by the members of legislative assembly of the state from amongst persons who are not members of legislative assembly
(e) the remainder i.e. 1/6 are to be nominated by the governor from persons having special knowledge or practical experience in matters of literature, science, art , co-operative movement and social service.
Tenure – The Legislative Council is not subject to dissolution but after every two years 1/3 of its member retire. Like the Rajya Sabha in the centre it is a permanent body
Aishwarya Says:
I have always been against Glorifying Over Work and therefore, in the year 2021, I have decided to launch this campaign “Balancing Life”and talk about this wrong practice, that we have been following since last few years. I will be talking to and interviewing around 1 lakh people in the coming 2021 and publish their interview regarding their opinion on glamourising Over Work.
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