Unemployment is a condition when a person searching for a job is unable to find it. Unemployment depends on the labour force and not the entire population. This is one of the major issues faced by India. One of the main reasons for unemployment is the large population prevailing in India. India’s population is about 138 crores. According to the study by CMIE, the unemployment compared to March 2021 is lowest in January 2022. Telangana has recorded the lowest unemployment rate this year. Telangana followed by Gujarat, Meghalaya, Odisha and Karnataka. Haryana is the state with the highest unemployment rate. Haryana followed by Rajasthan, Tripura, Jammu & Kashmir and Delhi.
There are some other main reasons why unemployment is prevailing in India. Lack of skill-based education in schools and colleges. The uses of digital manufacturing and machines in the factory. The low productivity in the agricultural sector. Legal complexities and inadequate growth of infrastructure.
Scenarios that created unemployment
The beginning of demonetisation has created many difficulties for the citizens. A large number of people were working in both formal and informal sectors were affected with demonetisation and introduction of GST. Almost five million people have lost their jobs.
Caste system in India is another major scenario for unemployment. People are judged on their castes. Work is not given on the basis of skill but based on the caste reservation.
When the virulent coronavirus pandemic hit the country on a large scale, it mostly affected the employment sector in the country. When the country went into lockdown for several months, many individuals lost their jobs and had to close their businesses.
From the government’s side
The Government had launched many programmes like Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana (ABRY), National Career Service project, make in India Digital India, Swachh Bharat Mission, Smart City Mission, Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation, Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana.
The Indian government included 29 central labour laws and corresponding state labour laws into 4 major labour codes. These create less complexity, ease of compliance, accountability and transparency. Labour law is under the concurrent list of the Indian constitution. So both the parliament and the state legislatures can make laws regulating labour. The codes on wages, industrial relations code, social security code and the occupational safety, health and working condition code are the four major codes that replaced the 29 labour laws. But the labour laws did not take any measures to increase the job opportunities. It does not provide any provisions for the social security of small start-ups etc.
Schemes formulated by Government to tackle unemployment are Employment Guarantee Scheme, Swarnajayanti Gram Swrozgar Yojana , Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Rozgar Yojana, Training Rural Youth for Self-Employment , Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme.
Let’s bring the change
Unemployment is a serious issue not only faced by India but also in the whole world. The reasons for the increasing unemployment are that we have discussed earlier. There are many things that we have to change to bring employment opportunities to our country. First of all the education system must be changed, in India the education or studies is concentrated on the textbooks or some other books, for getting better employment opportunities we have to enhance our skills.
Therefore emphasis should be given to vocational education. Giving more assistance to self-employed people can be another measure to reduce employment There are several measures taken by the Indian government to assist self-employed people. Industries in cooperative sectors should be encouraged. The growth of the population should be controlled; Family planning programmes should be implemented. In the five year planning, more importance should be given to employees. When the production in the agriculture and industrial sector increases, employment also increases. These are some of the methods by which unemployment can be reduced in our country. By giving employment to the people of any country the country’s income can be increased and also increase the standard of living.
Aishwarya Says:
I have always been against Glorifying Over Work and therefore, in the year 2021, I have decided to launch this campaign “Balancing Life”and talk about this wrong practice, that we have been following since last few years. I will be talking to and interviewing around 1 lakh people in the coming 2021 and publish their interview regarding their opinion on glamourising Over Work.
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In the year 2021, we wrote about 1000 Inspirational Women In India, in the year 2022, we would be featuring 5000 Start Up Stories.