Introduction
For the longest time period punishment was looked at as something which was aimed at inflicting maximum punishment on the wrongdoer and hence methods such as stoning, impaling, shooting using a cannon, crushing etc was used. As the human race civilized, it was observed that the intention behind punishment has moved from simply delivering pain to rehabilitating (a form of therapy) the wrongdoer, the objective is to make the punishment a medium to restore the person and enable him/her to become useful for the society again. This switch in the objective behind punishment can also be observed in the various theories of punishment as given below.
- Deterrent Theory:
Deterrent theory is a form of punishment aimed at delivering maximum pain and to make an example of the wrongdoer. Here the punishment does not only apply to prevent the offender from committing a wrong, but also to create a sense of fear amongst others which is further calculated to restrain criminal tendency in others.
- Preventive Theory:
Preventive theory concentrates on the prisoner to prevent him from repetitive endeavours – to restrain the offender to reduce repeating the same offence. So even before the offender commits the crime, he or she is either imprisoned or kept under any kind of preventive institution.
- Retributive Theory:
Retributive theory is a form of punishment which is found to be old, inhuman and barbaric and the modern human rights philosophy condemns this cruel concept. This form of punishment is based on the principle of “a tooth for a tooth”.
- Reformative Theory:
Reformative Theory is a craft or skill in bringing back the tainted and condemned culprits to national mainstream and civil society, as meaningful citizens. So this theory focuses on reforming the criminal and making him/her useful for society.
- Expiatory Theory:
Expiatory theory is conscience oriented cleaning of the hearts of the wrong doers. The offender is asked to serve the victims and their dependents to compensate for the deprivation. This theory is criticised and is held impracticable for being too idealistic.
- Multiple Approach theory:
Multiple Approach theory is an Application of any single theory which may not render complete justice and the aforesaid theories are not mutually exclusive. This theory hence suggests that a judicious combination of theories is important.
Aishwarya Says:
I have always been against Glorifying Over Work and therefore, in the year 2021, I have decided to launch this campaign “Balancing Life”and talk about this wrong practice, that we have been following since last few years. I will be talking to and interviewing around 1 lakh people in the coming 2021 and publish their interview regarding their opinion on glamourising Over Work.
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